Tax topic · income

    Capital Gains Tax on Shares, Mutual Funds & Property

    Capital gains in India are governed by Sections 45–55A. Listed equity and equity MF held >12 months attract 10% LTCG (Section 112A) above ₹1L/year; property and unlisted shares held >24 months attract 20% LTCG with indexation (Section 112).

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    PAN India
    Key takeaways
    • Listed equity & equity MF: STCG 15% (Section 111A), LTCG 10% above ₹1L (Section 112A)
    • Property & unlisted shares: LTCG 20% with indexation (Section 112) — 24-month holding for property
    • Debt MF from 1 Apr 2023: always taxable at slab rates, no indexation
    • Section 54 / 54F / 54EC: exemptions on residential property and NHAI/REC bonds
    • Grandfathering: FMV as on 31 Jan 2018 for pre-2018 listed equity

    Definition

    Capital Gains Tax

    Capital gain is the profit from sale of a capital asset — taxed as STCG or LTCG depending on holding period and asset class.

    What is Capital Gains Tax?

    Capital gains in India are governed by Sections 45–55A. Listed equity and equity MF held >12 months attract 10% LTCG (Section 112A) above ₹1L/year; property and unlisted shares held >24 months attract 20% LTCG with indexation (Section 112).

    Key rules to remember

    • Listed equity & equity MF: STCG 15% (Section 111A), LTCG 10% above ₹1L (Section 112A)
    • Property & unlisted shares: LTCG 20% with indexation (Section 112) — 24-month holding for property
    • Debt MF from 1 Apr 2023: always taxable at slab rates, no indexation
    • Section 54 / 54F / 54EC: exemptions on residential property and NHAI/REC bonds
    • Grandfathering: FMV as on 31 Jan 2018 for pre-2018 listed equity

    Worked example

    Sale of ₹18L Mumbai flat in Dec 2024 (purchased ₹8L in 2015) — LTCG = ₹18L − (₹8L × CII 363/254) = ₹6.57L; 20% tax = ₹1.31L. Reinvest in NHAI bonds under 54EC to save entirely.

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    FAQs

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    Last Updated
    15 September 2026

    Content refreshed against the latest CBIC / CBDT / MCA notifications and portal changes.

    Reviewed by Chartered Accountant
    CA Ravi Sharma

    Chartered Accountant · ICAI Member · 12+ years in Indian tax & compliance

    Update History
    1. 15 September 2026
      Reviewed rates, forms and portal workflow for Capital Gains Tax. Verified against latest CBIC/CBDT notifications.
    2. 10 January 2026
      Refreshed FAQ set, added new penalty examples and jurisdiction notes.
    3. 05 October 2025
      Structural rewrite for EEAT — added expert commentary, playbooks and process timeline.